John Henry Newman

John Henry Newman (1801–1890) was an English theologian and writer, a leader of the Oxford Movement in the Church of England and, after his conversion in 1845, a Catholic priest, founder of the Birmingham Oratory and, from 1879, a cardinal. His Anglican sermons and Tracts for the Times reshaped the Church of England; his Catholic works include the Apologia pro Vita Sua (1864), his answer to Charles Kingsley and one of the great spiritual autobiographies, The Idea of a University, An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent and the poem The Dream of Gerontius. He was canonized by the Catholic Church in 2019.