James Fergusson
1808–1886
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James Fergusson (1808–1886) was a Scottish architectural historian. Born at Ayr, he went to Calcutta as a young man and made enough money in indigo to retire early and travel through India sketching and measuring its monuments. The Rock-Cut Temples of India (1845) and Illustrations of the Rock-Cut Temples led to a general History of Architecture in All Countries (1865–67), the first comprehensive survey of world architecture in English, and a History of Indian and Eastern Architecture (1876). He also wrote on Jerusalem, on fortification and on tree and serpent worship, and received the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1871.
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