Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was born in Freiberg in Moravia and lived in Vienna from the age of four until the Nazi annexation of Austria forced him to London in 1938. Trained as a neurologist, he turned from physiology to the treatment of hysteria and developed the method he called psychoanalysis: free association, the interpretation of dreams, and the uncovering of repressed wishes, above all sexual ones, rooted in childhood. The Interpretation of Dreams in 1899 was followed by The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, Totem and Taboo, the Introductory Lectures and Civilization and Its Discontents. He died of cancer of the jaw.