Napoleon III

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (1808–1873), Napoleon III, was the nephew of Napoleon I and the last monarch of France. After failed coups and years of exile and prison, he was elected president of the Second Republic in 1848, seized power in 1851 and proclaimed himself emperor the following year. His reign saw the rebuilding of Paris, rapid economic growth and wars in the Crimea, Italy and Mexico, and it ended with defeat by Prussia at Sedan in 1870. He died in exile in England. He also wrote on politics and published a History of Julius Caesar.